Early+Years+of+Cold+War

C opy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO. **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**
 * Early Years of the Cold War**

- President Harry Truman laid out a foreign policy doctrine for the United States in the early days of the cold war -it was an active role for the United States in containing the spread of communism around the world -He believed that the Soviet Union was directly funding communist forces that felt that the United States should support the anticommunists - laid the groundwork for the Marshall Plan -formed the backbone of America's cold war policy -led to both financial and military entanglements throughout the world, including the wars in Korea and Vietnam. || - U.S was interested in expanding its own foreign policy—and economic influence—particularly in Western Europe -It was the European Recovery Plan - This plan led to European reconstruction - It will restore the superpower balance of power || || - Berlin airlift was a massive transfer of essential supplies flown into Berlin, Germany during 1948 and 1949 by British and U.S. forces in around-the-clock missions -important incident of the cold war -the most extraordinary peacetime military operation in history. -four-power military commission called the Komandatura had been set up to administer Berlin -Soviet forces in March 1948 began to harass ground transport that connected West Berlin to West Germany. -East German government relaxed border controls and eventually dismantled portions of the wall to the great joy of residents on both sides. || - allies believed that a strong military and a united political front would deter the Soviets from an attack -1949, they formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization - it rested on the core idea that each member nation would treat an attack on any other member as an attack on itself. - Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact among its allies - United States, with its increasing store of nuclear weapons, offered a formidable military threat at NATO's helm -As the Soviets developed nuclear weapons (testing began in 1949), the race for military dominance began. || || -Americans feared communism would take over U.S. because the Soviets occupied Eastern Europe. -Attention was brought to members of the U.S. Communist Party because it was feared they were spies. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were convicted of sharing atomic bomb secrets with the Russians, so they were executed. -The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) targeted anyone with suspected Communist ties. In Hollywood, blacklists were created of people thought to be Communist sympathizers and their careers were ruined. || -In September 1949, the Communists beat the Nationalists in a civil war in China and took control of the country. -The Nationalists in China fled the country and Mao Zedong became of head of the Communist China. -Americans feared this as a plot to rule the world and they blamed the State Department for not stopping Communist revolution. || ||
 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg width="299" height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * Established after WWII to stabilize international relations and create a firm foundation for peace
 * It acted as a watch dog and it was meant to maintain international peace and security
 * United Nations promoted international cooperation for the creation of positive political, economic, and social conditions has placed it in the center of various tragedies, scandals, and triumphs. ||
 * **CONTAINMENT**
 * Containment was a policy that was first implemented by the United States in 1947 in response to communism
 * It prevented through political, economic, and diplomatic methods || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg width="281" height="218" align="center" caption="kennan.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg width="344" height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg width="262" height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** -John Stewart Service warned United States about the weakness of China's anticommunist Nationalist Party.
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif width="221" height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR**

-These claims he made were never proven and the term McCarthyism was created to describe reckless charges against innocent citizens. -In an Army-McCarthy hearing, he accused the U.S. army of "coddling Communists." -The Senate made a statement criticizing McCarthy's conduct, and he disappeared from public view. || || -The Soviet Union launched the first space satellite, Sputnik, into orbit around the earth. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile that could reach the United States. -America was racing to launch a satellite and the U.S. spent billions of dollars on space research. -The Soviet Union shot down an American U-2 spy plane that was flying over the Soviet Union. ||
 * No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM** -Joseph McCarthy was a Republican Senator from Wisconsin who created a list of 205 State Department workers who he thought belonged to the Communist Party.
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg width="201" height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE**